Introduction to optical fiber jumpers
Optical fiber jumper (also known as optical fiber connector) means that both ends of the optical cable are installed with connector plugs to achieve optical active connection; One end with a plug is called a fiber pigtail.
Optical fiber jumper is used to connect the device to the optical fiber wiring link. With a thick protective layer, it is generally used in the connection between the optical end machine and the terminal box.
Pigtail is also called pigtail wire, only one end has a connector, and the other end is a broken end of a fiber optic cable core, connected with other fiber optic cable core by welding, often appears in the fiber optic terminal box, used to connect the fiber optic cable and the fiber optic transceiver (between the coupler, jumper, etc.).
The optical fiber connector is a detachable (active) connection device between the optical fiber and the optical fiber, which is the precision docking of the two end faces of the optical fiber, so that the light energy output of the transmitting optical fiber can be coupled to the receiving optical fiber to the maximum extent, and minimize the impact on the system due to its involvement in the optical link, which is the basic requirement of the optical fiber connector. To a certain extent, optical fiber connectors also affect the reliability and performance of the optical transmission system.
Optical Fiber Patch Cord/Cable is similar to coaxial cable, except that there is no mesh shield. At the center is a glass core through which light travels.
In a multimode fiber, the diameter of the core is 50μm to 65μm, roughly the thickness of a human hair. The diameter of the single-mode fiber core is 8μm~10μm. The core is surrounded by a glass envelope with a lower refractive index than the core to keep the fiber inside the core. On the outside is a thin plastic jacket to protect the envelope.
1. Classification of optical fiber jumpers
Fiber jumper according to the different transmission media can be divided into common silicon-based fiber single-mode, multi-mode jumper, there are other fiber jumpers such as plastic as the transmission medium;
According to the structure of the connector, it can be divided into: FC jumper, SC jumper, ST jumper, LC jumper, MTRJ jumper, MPO jumper, MU jumper, SMA jumper, FDDI jumper, E2000 jumper, DIN4 jumper, D4 jumper and so on. Common optical fiber jumpers can also be divided into FC-FC, FC-SC, FC-LC, FC-ST, SC-SC, and SC-ST.
Single-mode Fiber: The general fiber jumper is shown in yellow, and the connector and protective sleeve are blue; The transmission distance is long.
Multi-mode Fiber: The general fiber jumper is expressed in orange, and some are expressed in gray, and the connector and protective cover are beige or black; The transmission distance is short.
2. Precautions for using optical fiber jumpers
The transceiver wavelength of the optical modules at both ends of the optical fiber jumper must be the same, that is, the optical modules at both ends of the optical fiber must be of the same wavelength, and the simple way to distinguish is to have the same color of the optical modules.
The optical fiber should not be excessively bent and looped in use, which will increase the attenuation of light during transmission.
After the optical fiber jumper is used, the optical fiber connector must be protected with a protective cover. Dust and oil will damage the coupling of the optical fiber. If the optical fiber connector is dirty, you can use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to clean it, otherwise it will affect the quality of communication.
1. Before use, the fiber jumper ceramic insert and insert end face must be wiped clean with alcohol and absorbent cotton.
2, the minimum bending radius of the optical fiber is less than 30mm.
3. Protect the core and the end face of the core to prevent damage and pollution, and put on a dust-proof cap in time after disassembly.
4. Do not look directly at the optical fiber end face when the laser signal is transmitted.
5. When man-made and other irresistible factors damage, the damaged optical fiber jumper should be replaced in time.
6, the optical fiber network or system is abnormal, you can use the fault elimination method to test one by one. When you test or troubleshoot the jumper fault, you can first perform an on-off test. Usually, you can use a visible laser pointer to light the entire fiber link. Or further use the precision optical fiber insertion loss return loss instrument to test its indicators, indicators within the qualified range, the jumper indication is normal, otherwise it is not qualified.
3. Features of optical fiber jumpers
1. Low insertion loss
2. Good repetition
3. High return loss
4. Good interconnector performance
5. Good temperature stability
6. Strong tensile performance
4. Application of optical fiber jumper
Fiber jumper products are widely used in: communication room, optical fiber to the home, local area network, optical fiber sensor, optical fiber communication system, optical fiber connection transmission equipment, national defense combat readiness and so on. It is suitable for cable television network, telecommunication network, computer optical fiber network and optical test equipment.
5. Select optical fiber jumpers
Fiber jumper types are ST-ST, SC-SC, and ST-SC.
According to the type of fiber, there are mainly single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber.
The jumper length can be 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m, etc.
According to the cable outer coating material can be divided into ordinary type, ordinary flame retardant type, low smoke halogen-free type (LZSH), low smoke halogen-free flame retardant type.
According to the fire rating of the building and the fire resistance requirements of the material, the integrated wiring system should take corresponding measures.
Flame-retardant cables and optical cables should be used for laying cables or optical cables in flammable areas and building shafts;
In large public places, flame-retardant, low-smoke, low-toxicity cables or optical cables should be used;
Flame retardant wiring equipment should be used between adjacent equipment or between connections.
6. How to check whether the optical fiber jumper is qualified
With the insertion loss instrument, first use the light pen to measure whether the jumper is through light, and determine that the fiber is not broken. The general indicators of carrier-grade test are: insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, and return loss is greater than 45dB.
The performance test of optical fiber jumper is divided into:
1. Optical performance detection
Including the return loss/insertion loss test, the test instrument can use the FibKey 7602 return loss/insertion loss integrated tester.
2. End geometry test
The test parameters include curvature radius, vertex offset, fiber height, etc. The test instrument is an interferometer, and many people use NorlandAC/NC3000 or CC6000 for testing. In particular, the CC6000 interferometer is used by more and more factories because of its superior cost performance.
3. Check optical fiber end scratches
Using video fiber magnifying glass for observation, such as many factories use FibView FV-400PA for inspection. The instrument gives the clearest images and is extremely simple to operate. There are also customers using FibKey-5600 variable magnifying glass for testing, the instrument set 400 times, 200 times, 80 times magnifying glass in one, can clearly and conveniently observe the optical fiber end face and core end face. Of course, you can also use the relevant software for automatic checks.
4. Optical fiber tension test
Test the tension that the optical fiber connector can withstand.
5. Ambient temperature experiment
You need to test the performance specifications of optical fiber connectors at different ambient temperatures.
7. Common applications of optical fiber jumper interfaces
Fiber jumper interfaces are common: FC, SC, ST, PC, APC, and LC. The fiber jumper of the FC connector is mostly used for the distribution frame, while the fiber jumper of the SC connector is mostly used for the router switch. In addition, there are MTRJ, MPO, MU, SMA, FDDI, E2000, D4 and other forms of fiber interface types.
Optical fiber jumper port
Optical fiber jumper connector is a problem that users must consider when purchasing optical fiber jumpers. Understanding the meaning of various optical fiber jumper connectors can help users find the products they want faster.
Fibre Channel optical fiber jumper
The external strengthening method is metal sleeve, fastening method is turnbuckle. FC connectors are generally used in telecommunications networks, and a nut is screwed to the adapter, which has the advantage of being reliable and dust resistant, and the disadvantage is that the installation time is slightly longer. Generally used on the ODF side (most used on the distribution frame, but also used in optical end machines)
SC optical fiber jumper
The connector connected to the GBIC optical module has a rectangular shell, and the fastening method is the plug and pull pin latch type, without rotation. SC connector directly inserted and removed, very convenient to use, the disadvantage is easy to fall out (the most used on the router switch)
ST type optical fiber jumper
There is a bayonet fixed in half a rotation after the ST head is inserted, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to break; It is usually used for optical fiber distribution frames. The shell is round and fastened by turnbuckle. For 10Base-F connections, the connector is usually of type ST.
LC optical fiber jumper
A connector to the SFP module, which is made with an easy-to-use modular jack (RJ) latching mechanism. (SFP optical module default LC port)
MT-RJ fiber jumper
Square optical fiber connector with transceiver integrated, one dual fiber transceiver integrated. The MTRJ fiber jumper consists of two high-precision plastic molded connectors and optical cable. The external parts of the connectors are precision plastic parts, including push-pull plug clamping mechanism. Suitable for indoor applications in telecommunications and data network systems.
SC-ST single mode
FC-SC single mode
Double LC multi-mode
ST-ST single mode
SC-SC single mode
Double LC single mode
LC-SC multi-mode
FC-FC single mode
LC-LC Ten Gigabits
8. Carrier-level and network level
What is a carrier-grade fiber jumper?
Carrier-grade optical fiber jumper is one of the jumpers, usually has a thick protective layer, generally used in the optical terminal and terminal box inspection connection. In the multimode carrier-grade jumper, the diameter of the core is about the thickness of a human hair, 15 to 50µm, while the diameter of the single-mode carrier-grade fiber jumper is 8 to 10µm. The core is surrounded by a protective glass envelope with a lower refractive index than the core, and is surrounded by a thin plastic envelope.
What is a network-level jumper?
The attenuation of network level jumpers is larger than that of carrier-level jumpers, and its attenuation is generally greater than 0.2db, which may cause data packet loss in transmission.
What are the differences between carrier-grade jumpers and network-grade jumpers?
. Degree of attenuation
Carrier-grade fiber jumpers have less decay than network grade fiber jumpers, and the transmission data is more stable and not easy to lose.
2, grinding times
The grinding process of the carrier-grade fiber jumper is generally 5 times, and the network grade fiber jumper is 4 times
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3. Price
The price of carrier-grade fiber jumper is higher than that of network-grade fiber jumper.
Therefore, the market demand for carrier-grade jumpers is greater than that for network-grade jumpers.
Carrier-grade fiber jumper has the characteristics of low plug loss, good repeatability, good interchangeability and good environmental adaptability, so it is widely used in important network environments, such as national defense combat readiness, data center room, fiber to the home, backbone local area network and so on.
What does FC\ST\SC\LC\MTRJPC\APC\UPC stand for in optical fiber jumper?
The FC, ST, SC, LC, and MTRJ physical interfaces are connected in different ways.
FC is a circular spiral port.
ST is a circular 45 degree bayonet.
SC is a square socket.
LC and MTRJ are small core connectors, which are used less in China, but they are carried on some imported equipment.
PC, APC, UPC represent the front end structure of the ceramic core!
PC is a spherical structure, APC is a diagonal 8 degree Angle structure, UPC is a hyperplane structure.
The connection distance of multi-mode cable is much shorter, is 300 meters or 500 meters (mainly depending on the difference in laser, there are generally two kinds of short-wavelength laser light source, one is 62.5, one is 50)
Optical fiber jumper generally commonly used specifications such as win for optical fiber jumper, there are 1 meter, 3 meters, 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters, etc., if you need other special length specifications of the light jumper, you can let win for manufacturers to customize the length of arbitrary customization, generally within a few kilometers are no problem. In addition, the optical fiber jumper focuses on a jumper, generally shorter, used in the computer room, optical fiber into the home, optical fiber module and other equipment above, if it is a long distance pull optical fiber, this ordinary optical fiber jumper is not used, you need to customize the kind of leather cable or armored cable can be.
Step 1: Select the correct connector type (LC/SC/ST/FC/MPO/MTP)
Different connectors are used to plug in different devices. If the ports on both devices are the same, we can use LC-LC/SC-SC/MPO-MPO jumpers. If you want to connect different port type devices, LC-SC/LC-ST/LC-FC jumpers may be right for you.
Step 2: Choose single mode or multi-mode cable type?
The single-mode fiber jumper uses 9/125um fiber, and the multi-mode fiber jumper uses 50/125um or 62.5/125um fiber. Single-mode fiber jumper is mainly used for long-distance data transmission. Multimode fiber jumpers are mainly used for short-distance transmission. The jacket of the general single-mode fiber jumper is yellow, and the jacket of the multi-mode fiber jumper is orange or blue.
Step 3: Choose simplex or duplex cable type?
Simplex means that this fiber jumper comes with only one cable, with only one fiber connector at each end, for bidirectional (BIDI) optical modules. Duplex can be seen as two optical fiber jumpers side by side for common optical modules.
Step 4: Select the correct jumper length (1m / 5m / 10m / 20m / 30m / 50m)
Fiber jumper lengths vary, usually 0.5m to 50m. You should choose the appropriate cable length based on the distance between the devices to be connected.
Step 5: Select the correct connector polishing type (UPC/APC)
Because the loss of APC connectors is lower than that of UPC connectors, the optical performance of APC connectors is generally better than that of UPC connectors. In the current market, APC connectors are widely used in more return loss-sensitive applications such as FTTx, passive optical networking (PON) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). But APC connectors are usually more expensive than UPC connectors, so you should consider whether you need an APC connector according to your actual situation. For applications that require high-precision fiber signals, APC should be the first consideration, but other less sensitive systems will perform just as well with UPC. Generally, optical fiber jumpers with APC connectors are green in color, while those with UPC connectors are blue in color.
Step 6: Select the right sheath (PVC/LSZH/OFNP/armouring)
In general, there are three types of jumper jacket: PVC, LSZH, OFNP. PVC material jumper jacket is generally common, fire resistance is general, the lowest price; LSZH jumper sheath is made of low smoke halogen-free material, environmental protection and flame retardant performance is better, but the price is more expensive; OFNP jumper jacket refers to the United States Fire Protection Committee standard, can be flame retardant, this material will automatically extinguish when leaving the fire source, the most expensive, suitable for large data centers. You can choose according to your own situation. In addition to the above three jumpers, there is another type of armor. Its steel sleeve structure can protect the fragile optical fiber well, and the bending resistance is relatively strong. Such jumpers can withstand higher pressures, so they are suitable for wiring along floors and other areas that may be trampled. The fiber jumper also has the advantages of strong wear resistance, tensile resistance and rat-bite resistance.
